Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires
Identifieur interne : 000139 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 000138; suivant : 000140Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires
Auteurs : G. G. Pfister ; L. K. Emmons ; P. G. Hess ; R. Honrath ; J.-F. Lamarque ; M. Val Martin ; R. C. Owen ; M. A. Avery ; E. V. Browell ; J. S. Holloway ; P. Nedelec ; R. Purvis ; T. B. Ryerson ; G. W. Sachse ; H. SchlagerSource :
- Journal of geophysical research [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2006.
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Abstract
[1] We examine the ozone production from boreal forest fires based on a case study of wildfires in Alaska and Canada in summer 2004. The model simulations were performed with the chemistry transport model, MOZART-4, and were evaluated by comparison with a comprehensive set of aircraft measurements. In the analysis we use measurements and model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) at the PICO-NARE station located in the Azores within the pathway of North American outflow. The modeled mixing ratios were used to test the robustness of the enhancement ratio ΔO3/ΔCO (defined as the excess O3 mixing ratio normalized by the increase in CO) and the feasibility for using this ratio in estimating the O3 production from the wildfires. Modeled and observed enhancement ratios are about 0.25 ppbv/ppbv which is in the range of values found in the literature and results in a global net O3 production of 12.9 ± 2 Tg O3 during summer 2004. This matches the net O3 production calculated in the model for a region extending from Alaska to the east Atlantic (9-11 Tg O3) indicating that observations at PICO-NARE representing photochemically well aged plumes provide a good measure of the O3production of North American boreal fires. However, net chemical loss of fire-related O3 dominates in regions far downwind from the fires (e.g., Europe and Asia) resulting in a global net O3 production of 6 Tg O3 during the same time period. On average, the fires increased the O3 burden (surface -300 mbar) over Alaska and Canada during summer 2004 by about 7-9% and over Europe by about 2-3%.
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| NO : | PASCAL 07-0091517 INIST |
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| ET : | Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires |
| AU : | PFISTER (G. G.); EMMONS (L. K.); HESS (P. G.); HONRATH (R.); LAMARQUE (J.-F.); VAL MARTIN (M.); OWEN (R. C.); AVERY (M. A.); BROWELL (E. V.); HOLLOWAY (J. S.); NEDELEC (P.); PURVIS (R.); RYERSON (T. B.); SACHSE (G. W.); SCHLAGER (H.) |
| AF : | National Center for Atmospheric Research/Boulder, Colorado/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut., 5 aut.); Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University/Houghton, Michigan/Etats-Unis (4 aut., 6 aut., 7 aut.); NASA Langley Research Center/Hampton, Virginia/Etats-Unis (8 aut., 9 aut., 14 aut.); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Boulder, Colorado/Etats-Unis (10 aut., 13 aut.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Toulouse/France (11 aut.); Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement/Cranfield/Royaume-Uni (12 aut.); German Aerospace Center/Oberpfaffenhofen/Allemagne (15 aut.) |
| DT : | Publication en série; Niveau analytique |
| SO : | Journal of geophysical research; ISSN 0148-0227; Etats-Unis; Da. 2006; Vol. 111; No. D24; D24S07.1-D24S07.13; Bibl. 1 p. |
| LA : | Anglais |
| EA : | [1] We examine the ozone production from boreal forest fires based on a case study of wildfires in Alaska and Canada in summer 2004. The model simulations were performed with the chemistry transport model, MOZART-4, and were evaluated by comparison with a comprehensive set of aircraft measurements. In the analysis we use measurements and model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) at the PICO-NARE station located in the Azores within the pathway of North American outflow. The modeled mixing ratios were used to test the robustness of the enhancement ratio ΔO3/ΔCO (defined as the excess O3 mixing ratio normalized by the increase in CO) and the feasibility for using this ratio in estimating the O3 production from the wildfires. Modeled and observed enhancement ratios are about 0.25 ppbv/ppbv which is in the range of values found in the literature and results in a global net O3 production of 12.9 ± 2 Tg O3 during summer 2004. This matches the net O3 production calculated in the model for a region extending from Alaska to the east Atlantic (9-11 Tg O3) indicating that observations at PICO-NARE representing photochemically well aged plumes provide a good measure of the O3production of North American boreal fires. However, net chemical loss of fire-related O3 dominates in regions far downwind from the fires (e.g., Europe and Asia) resulting in a global net O3 production of 6 Tg O3 during the same time period. On average, the fires increased the O3 burden (surface -300 mbar) over Alaska and Canada during summer 2004 by about 7-9% and over Europe by about 2-3%. |
| CC : | 220; 001E; 001E01 |
| FD : | Ozone; Boréal; Incendie forêt; Forêt boréale; Etude cas; Eté; Modèle; Simulation; Transport; Observation par avion; Monoxyde carbone; Carbone monoxyde; Rapport mélange; Faisabilité; Monde; Panache; Europe; Asie; Alaska; Canada; Açores; Océan Atlantique Est |
| FG : | Etats Unis; Amérique du Nord; Iles Océan Atlantique; Océan Atlantique |
| ED : | ozone; Boreal; Forest fire; Boreal forest; case studies; Summer; models; simulation; transport; Aircraft observation; carbon monoxide; Carbon monoxide; Mixing ratio; Feasibility; global; plumes; Europe; Asia; Alaska; Canada; Azores; East Atlantic |
| EG : | United States; North America; Atlantic Ocean Islands; Atlantic Ocean |
| SD : | Ozono; Boreal; Incendio forestal; Bosque boreal; Estudio caso; Verano; Modelo; Simulación; Transporte; Observación por avión; Carbono monóxido; Relación mezcla; Practicabilidad; Mundo; Penacho; Europa; Asia; Alaska; Canada; Azores |
| LO : | INIST-3144.354000145392830390 |
| ID : | 07-0091517 |
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Schlager</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>German Aerospace Center</s1><s2>Oberpfaffenhofen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">07-0091517</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 07-0091517 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:07-0091517</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000139</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires</title><author><name sortKey="Pfister, G G" sort="Pfister, G G" uniqKey="Pfister G" first="G. G." last="Pfister">G. G. Pfister</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Center for Atmospheric Research</s1><s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Emmons, L K" sort="Emmons, L K" uniqKey="Emmons L" first="L. K." last="Emmons">L. K. Emmons</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Center for Atmospheric Research</s1><s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hess, P G" sort="Hess, P G" uniqKey="Hess P" first="P. G." last="Hess">P. G. Hess</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Center for Atmospheric Research</s1><s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Honrath, R" sort="Honrath, R" uniqKey="Honrath R" first="R." last="Honrath">R. Honrath</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University</s1><s2>Houghton, Michigan</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lamarque, J F" sort="Lamarque, J F" uniqKey="Lamarque J" first="J.-F." last="Lamarque">J.-F. Lamarque</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Center for Atmospheric Research</s1><s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Val Martin, M" sort="Val Martin, M" uniqKey="Val Martin M" first="M." last="Val Martin">M. Val Martin</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University</s1><s2>Houghton, Michigan</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Owen, R C" sort="Owen, R C" uniqKey="Owen R" first="R. C." last="Owen">R. C. Owen</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University</s1><s2>Houghton, Michigan</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Avery, M A" sort="Avery, M A" uniqKey="Avery M" first="M. A." last="Avery">M. A. Avery</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>NASA Langley Research Center</s1><s2>Hampton, Virginia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Browell, E V" sort="Browell, E V" uniqKey="Browell E" first="E. V." last="Browell">E. V. Browell</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>NASA Langley Research Center</s1><s2>Hampton, Virginia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holloway, J S" sort="Holloway, J S" uniqKey="Holloway J" first="J. S." last="Holloway">J. S. Holloway</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</s1><s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nedelec, P" sort="Nedelec, P" uniqKey="Nedelec P" first="P." last="Nedelec">P. Nedelec</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</s1><s2>Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Purvis, R" sort="Purvis, R" uniqKey="Purvis R" first="R." last="Purvis">R. Purvis</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement</s1><s2>Cranfield</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryerson, T B" sort="Ryerson, T B" uniqKey="Ryerson T" first="T. B." last="Ryerson">T. B. Ryerson</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</s1><s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sachse, G W" sort="Sachse, G W" uniqKey="Sachse G" first="G. W." last="Sachse">G. W. Sachse</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>NASA Langley Research Center</s1><s2>Hampton, Virginia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlager, H" sort="Schlager, H" uniqKey="Schlager H" first="H." last="Schlager">H. Schlager</name><affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>German Aerospace Center</s1><s2>Oberpfaffenhofen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. geophys. res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. geophys. res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aircraft observation</term><term>Alaska</term><term>Asia</term><term>Azores</term><term>Boreal</term><term>Boreal forest</term><term>Canada</term><term>Carbon monoxide</term><term>East Atlantic</term><term>Europe</term><term>Feasibility</term><term>Forest fire</term><term>Mixing ratio</term><term>Summer</term><term>carbon monoxide</term><term>case studies</term><term>global</term><term>models</term><term>ozone</term><term>plumes</term><term>simulation</term><term>transport</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ozone</term><term>Boréal</term><term>Incendie forêt</term><term>Forêt boréale</term><term>Etude cas</term><term>Eté</term><term>Modèle</term><term>Simulation</term><term>Transport</term><term>Observation par avion</term><term>Monoxyde carbone</term><term>Carbone monoxyde</term><term>Rapport mélange</term><term>Faisabilité</term><term>Monde</term><term>Panache</term><term>Europe</term><term>Asie</term><term>Alaska</term><term>Canada</term><term>Açores</term><term>Océan Atlantique Est</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">[1] We examine the ozone production from boreal forest fires based on a case study of wildfires in Alaska and Canada in summer 2004. The model simulations were performed with the chemistry transport model, MOZART-4, and were evaluated by comparison with a comprehensive set of aircraft measurements. In the analysis we use measurements and model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) at the PICO-NARE station located in the Azores within the pathway of North American outflow. The modeled mixing ratios were used to test the robustness of the enhancement ratio ΔO<sub>3</sub>/ΔCO (defined as the excess O<sub>3</sub> mixing ratio normalized by the increase in CO) and the feasibility for using this ratio in estimating the O<sub>3</sub> production from the wildfires. Modeled and observed enhancement ratios are about 0.25 ppbv/ppbv which is in the range of values found in the literature and results in a global net O<sub>3</sub> production of 12.9 ± 2 Tg O<sub>3</sub> during summer 2004. This matches the net O<sub>3</sub> production calculated in the model for a region extending from Alaska to the east Atlantic (9-11 Tg O<sub>3</sub>) indicating that observations at PICO-NARE representing photochemically well aged plumes provide a good measure of the O<sub>3</sub>production of North American boreal fires. However, net chemical loss of fire-related O<sub>3</sub> dominates in regions far downwind from the fires (e.g., Europe and Asia) resulting in a global net O<sub>3</sub> production of 6 Tg O<sub>3</sub> during the same time period. On average, the fires increased the O<sub>3</sub> burden (surface -300 mbar) over Alaska and Canada during summer 2004 by about 7-9% and over Europe by about 2-3%.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0148-0227</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. geophys. res.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>111</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>D24</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>PFISTER (G. G.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>EMMONS (L. K.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>HESS (P. G.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>HONRATH (R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>LAMARQUE (J.-F.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>VAL MARTIN (M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>OWEN (R. C.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>AVERY (M. A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>BROWELL (E. V.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>HOLLOWAY (J. S.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>NEDELEC (P.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>PURVIS (R.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>RYERSON (T. B.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>SACHSE (G. W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="15" i2="1"><s1>SCHLAGER (H.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Center for Atmospheric Research</s1><s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University</s1><s2>Houghton, Michigan</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>NASA Langley Research Center</s1><s2>Hampton, Virginia</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</s1><s2>Boulder, Colorado</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</s1><s2>Toulouse</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement</s1><s2>Cranfield</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>German Aerospace Center</s1><s2>Oberpfaffenhofen</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s2>D24S07.1-D24S07.13</s2></fA20><fA21><s1>2006</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>3144</s2><s5>354000145392830390</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>1 p.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>07-0091517</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of geophysical research</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>[1] We examine the ozone production from boreal forest fires based on a case study of wildfires in Alaska and Canada in summer 2004. The model simulations were performed with the chemistry transport model, MOZART-4, and were evaluated by comparison with a comprehensive set of aircraft measurements. In the analysis we use measurements and model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) at the PICO-NARE station located in the Azores within the pathway of North American outflow. The modeled mixing ratios were used to test the robustness of the enhancement ratio ΔO<sub>3</sub>/ΔCO (defined as the excess O<sub>3</sub> mixing ratio normalized by the increase in CO) and the feasibility for using this ratio in estimating the O<sub>3</sub> production from the wildfires. Modeled and observed enhancement ratios are about 0.25 ppbv/ppbv which is in the range of values found in the literature and results in a global net O<sub>3</sub> production of 12.9 ± 2 Tg O<sub>3</sub> during summer 2004. This matches the net O<sub>3</sub> production calculated in the model for a region extending from Alaska to the east Atlantic (9-11 Tg O<sub>3</sub>) indicating that observations at PICO-NARE representing photochemically well aged plumes provide a good measure of the O<sub>3</sub>production of North American boreal fires. However, net chemical loss of fire-related O<sub>3</sub> dominates in regions far downwind from the fires (e.g., Europe and Asia) resulting in a global net O<sub>3</sub> production of 6 Tg O<sub>3</sub> during the same time period. On average, the fires increased the O<sub>3</sub> burden (surface -300 mbar) over Alaska and Canada during summer 2004 by about 7-9% and over Europe by about 2-3%.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="2"><s0>220</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="02" i2="3"><s0>001E</s0></fC02><fC02 i1="03" i2="2"><s0>001E01</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Ozone</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>ozone</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Ozono</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Boréal</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Boreal</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Boreal</s0><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Incendie forêt</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Forest fire</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Incendio forestal</s0><s5>03</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Forêt boréale</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Boreal forest</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Bosque boreal</s0><s5>04</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Etude cas</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>case studies</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Estudio caso</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Eté</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Summer</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Verano</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Modèle</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>models</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Modelo</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Simulation</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>simulation</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Simulación</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Transport</s0><s5>09</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="2" 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i1="19" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Alaska</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>61</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Alaska</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>61</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Canada</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>62</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Canada</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>62</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Canada</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>62</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Açores</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>63</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Azores</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>63</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Azores</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>63</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Océan Atlantique Est</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>64</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="22" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>East Atlantic</s0><s2>NG</s2><s5>64</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Etats Unis</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>United States</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Estados Unidos</s0><s2>NG</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Amérique du Nord</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>North America</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>America del norte</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Iles Océan Atlantique</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Atlantic Ocean Islands</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Océan Atlantique</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Atlantic Ocean</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Océano Atlántico</s0></fC07><fN21><s1>057</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard><server><NO>PASCAL 07-0091517 INIST</NO><ET>Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires</ET><AU>PFISTER (G. G.); EMMONS (L. K.); HESS (P. G.); HONRATH (R.); LAMARQUE (J.-F.); VAL MARTIN (M.); OWEN (R. C.); AVERY (M. A.); BROWELL (E. V.); HOLLOWAY (J. S.); NEDELEC (P.); PURVIS (R.); RYERSON (T. B.); SACHSE (G. W.); SCHLAGER (H.)</AU><AF>National Center for Atmospheric Research/Boulder, Colorado/Etats-Unis (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut., 5 aut.); Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University/Houghton, Michigan/Etats-Unis (4 aut., 6 aut., 7 aut.); NASA Langley Research Center/Hampton, Virginia/Etats-Unis (8 aut., 9 aut., 14 aut.); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Boulder, Colorado/Etats-Unis (10 aut., 13 aut.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Toulouse/France (11 aut.); Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurement/Cranfield/Royaume-Uni (12 aut.); German Aerospace Center/Oberpfaffenhofen/Allemagne (15 aut.)</AF><DT>Publication en série; Niveau analytique</DT><SO>Journal of geophysical research; ISSN 0148-0227; Etats-Unis; Da. 2006; Vol. 111; No. D24; D24S07.1-D24S07.13; Bibl. 1 p.</SO><LA>Anglais</LA><EA>[1] We examine the ozone production from boreal forest fires based on a case study of wildfires in Alaska and Canada in summer 2004. The model simulations were performed with the chemistry transport model, MOZART-4, and were evaluated by comparison with a comprehensive set of aircraft measurements. In the analysis we use measurements and model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) at the PICO-NARE station located in the Azores within the pathway of North American outflow. The modeled mixing ratios were used to test the robustness of the enhancement ratio ΔO<sub>3</sub>/ΔCO (defined as the excess O<sub>3</sub> mixing ratio normalized by the increase in CO) and the feasibility for using this ratio in estimating the O<sub>3</sub> production from the wildfires. Modeled and observed enhancement ratios are about 0.25 ppbv/ppbv which is in the range of values found in the literature and results in a global net O<sub>3</sub> production of 12.9 ± 2 Tg O<sub>3</sub> during summer 2004. This matches the net O<sub>3</sub> production calculated in the model for a region extending from Alaska to the east Atlantic (9-11 Tg O<sub>3</sub>) indicating that observations at PICO-NARE representing photochemically well aged plumes provide a good measure of the O<sub>3</sub>production of North American boreal fires. However, net chemical loss of fire-related O<sub>3</sub> dominates in regions far downwind from the fires (e.g., Europe and Asia) resulting in a global net O<sub>3</sub> production of 6 Tg O<sub>3</sub> during the same time period. On average, the fires increased the O<sub>3</sub> burden (surface -300 mbar) over Alaska and Canada during summer 2004 by about 7-9% and over Europe by about 2-3%.</EA><CC>220; 001E; 001E01</CC><FD>Ozone; Boréal; Incendie forêt; Forêt boréale; Etude cas; Eté; Modèle; Simulation; Transport; Observation par avion; Monoxyde carbone; Carbone monoxyde; Rapport mélange; Faisabilité; Monde; Panache; Europe; Asie; Alaska; Canada; Açores; Océan Atlantique Est</FD><FG>Etats Unis; Amérique du Nord; Iles Océan Atlantique; Océan Atlantique</FG><ED>ozone; Boreal; Forest fire; Boreal forest; case studies; Summer; models; simulation; transport; Aircraft observation; carbon monoxide; Carbon monoxide; Mixing ratio; Feasibility; global; plumes; Europe; Asia; Alaska; Canada; Azores; East Atlantic</ED><EG>United States; North America; Atlantic Ocean Islands; Atlantic Ocean</EG><SD>Ozono; Boreal; Incendio forestal; Bosque boreal; Estudio caso; Verano; Modelo; Simulación; Transporte; Observación por avión; Carbono monóxido; Relación mezcla; Practicabilidad; Mundo; Penacho; Europa; Asia; Alaska; Canada; Azores</SD><LO>INIST-3144.354000145392830390</LO><ID>07-0091517</ID></server></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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